@Misc{SetzerKircPere:1991:OzCoBr,
               author = "Setzer, Alberto Waingort and Kirchhoff, Volker Walter Johann 
                         Heinrich and Pereira, Marcos C.",
                title = "Ozone concentrations in the Brazilian Amazonia during BASE-A",
                 year = "1991",
         howpublished = "MIT Press",
                 city = "Cambridge",
             keywords = "GEOFISICA ESPACIAL, BACIA AMAZONICA, OZONIO ESTRATOSFERICO, 
                         medi{\c{c}}{\~a}o, concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o.",
           targetfile = "7576.pdf",
             abstract = "Ozone measurements in the Brazilian Amazon Basin have been 
                         conducted recently at ground level and with soundings (Kirchhoff, 
                         1988; Kirchhoff et al., 1988) and in aircraft (Browell at 
                         al.,1988). Continuos surface data exist since 1985 for a site 
                         close to Cuiaba. Mato Grosso (MT), in the southern fringe of the 
                         Amazon forest (Kirchhoff, 1990), and strong effects of biomass 
                         burning have been detected in ozone concentrations during the dry 
                         season, from June through October (Kirchhoff et al., 1989b; 
                         Kirchhoff, 1990). The dry season coincides with the burning 
                         season, for centuries a time when fire has been used to clear 
                         areas where forest was recently cut and let to dry, or to renew 
                         pastures and agricultural land. The tropospheric zone which 
                         results is produced by complex and multiple photochemical 
                         reactions between different compounds emitted by biomass burning 
                         (Fishman et al. 1979). Ozone monthly averages in southern Amazonia 
                         have ranged from a maximum of almost 80 parts per bilion (ppb) in 
                         September during the peak of the burning to 10 to 20 ppb in the 
                         wet season, from December to April. The low values are comparable 
                         to those found year round in nonpolluted sites such as Natal, at 
                         the Brazilian northeast coast (Kirchhoff, 1990). Detection of 
                         fires in the brazilian Amazonia with band 3 (3,55 u to 3,93 u) 
                         thermal images of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 
                         (AVHRR) on board the meteorological NOAA series satellites was 
                         developed by Pereira (1988) and is in operational use (Setzer and 
                         Pereira, 1990a, 1990b, 1991a and 1991b). Coupling of pixels 
                         containing fires detected in such images and atmospheric 
                         contamination hundreds of kilometers downwind in Amazonia has been 
                         reported (Andreae et al. 1988; Kirchhoff et al. 1989). Total 
                         number of fire pixels detected in the dry season in the Brazilian 
                         Amazonia were about 315.000 in 1987, and 210.000 in 1988. In this 
                         chapter results of ozone measurements made on board the Brazilian 
                         Institute for Space Research (INPE) airplane during the first week 
                         of September 1989 are presented and analyzed in relation to the 
                         temporal and geographical location of fires detected by the 
                         satellite before and during the sampling period.",
                label = "6828",
                  ibi = "6qtX3pFwXQZ3r59YCT/GUfmy",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/6qtX3pFwXQZ3r59YCT/GUfmy",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}